Fuller (1969) and Hall & Loucks (1979) proposed a three stage model for teacher development, which related to starting teachers. Sandholtz et al (1990), as part of the Apple Classrooms of Tomorrow (ACOT) research, applied this model to experienced teachers who were starting to teach in high-technology-access classrooms for the first time. They found that the model did apply in this new context.

The three stages of the model are:

• Survival - teachers are preoccupied with their own adequacy. Their concerns center on their ability to control the class and they spend considerable time reacting to problems instead of anticipating and avoiding them.
• Mastery - teachers begin to anticipate problems and develop strategies for solving them.
• Impact - teachers focus on the effects of their teaching on students' achievement and attitudes, and begin to use the technology to their advantage.
                                     (adapted from Sanholtz et al 1990 p2)

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Last updated 7th January 2002